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Saving Gudiya – Laws, Rights of Victim, Role of Govt, Judiciary, and Society
It is seen in numerous cases of rape/sexual assaults, which we come across as lawyers, that victims experience confusion and uncertainty about what to do, what to expect and the logic behind each of the steps in the pre-trial as well as the trial stages. The lack of legal orientation, guidance creates enormous anxiety, leading to undue exploitation for gaining elementary legal information. Simple things as, providing FIR on time, providing companion during deposition or providing compensation or, free medical treatment are not made available.
To counter this exploitation, in this series of articles (Part 1,2 & 3), the author will endeavour to inform in brief, the law regarding rape, how it has evolved through judicial decision, legislative enactments/ amendments, and executive instructions.
The articles will focus on the special care which needs to be taken concerning the rights of the victims, by the Authorities and the Society.
The series of articles will also discuss different guidelines for sensitizing those who will come in contact with the victim. The problems faced by the victims (both pre and post-trial) and solutions to these problems also will be attempted.
Part -1 –
Victim, FIR & Medical Examination
The Victim
Rape victims deserve more from the legal system and society than just a prosecution. Rape causes a tidal wave effect on a victim’s life. The profound emotional, physical, economic, and social harm to the victim affects a broad range of life activities. The response to rape should be to
- prevent the acute trauma of rape from triggering a long-term, downward economic and social spiral for the victim. and
- to preserve the integrity of the victim’s privacy and social relations.
28 studies of women and girls aged 14 and older who had had non-consensual sex obtained through force, threat etc found that 60% of these victims didn’t acknowledge that they had been raped.
The major reason for this is “fear of stigma” and also “the body’s automatic response to trauma”. The victim needs time to acknowledge what’s happened to them.
Many Centres which are made for the survivors note that majority of the cases are reported much after the actual assault took place. Studies show that many victims, dropped the case, to protect their privacy, and ensure their emotional and physical safety.
The job of the responsible society is to support the victim and be sensitive to her mental and emotional needs throughout various stages of recovery.
FIR
The author wishes to start with giving a brief outline of settled law regarding FIR and Medical Examination which are the first steps after the assault. This is a critical stage where the victim is vulnerable, traumatized, stigmatized, and in need of immediate support. This topic is made the starting point, having in mind the alleged Shimla rape case and its present status.
The different processes in the pre-trial stage include the registration of the FIR, the medical examination, arrest, S.164 statement to the Magistrate and cognizance, all must proceed promptly one after the other.
Registering an FIR is the first step in the process of setting the criminal justice machinery into motion officially. Without an FIR, criminal redress cannot be obtained. This is done under S.154, of the Criminal Procedure Code of India.
The Law, Know Your Rights;
- It is mandatory for a police officer to file the FIR, failing which he may be punished with imprisonment for 2 years.
- Police cannot blame the victim for her condition,
- Police cannot encourage the victim to reconsider or compromise the case.
- In case the complainant approaches a police station within whose jurisdiction the offence does not fall, the police station can still not refuse to register the FIR. As per Advisory No. 15011/35/2013-SC/ST-W, issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, they must take down the complaint as a ‘Zero FIR’, and then forward it to the relevant police station. The complainant is also entitled to a free copy of the FIR.
- FIR, cannot, in any condition be prompted by the police.
- Victims have to be provided with a copy of the FIR, it is her statutory right.
- Police have to record the Experience of victims on getting her FIR registered, the police’s dealing with her can be probed into by the courts at the appropriate stage
- Police have the duty of Informing the victim, the procedure and her rights, at every stage and in all her dealings with them.
Medical Examination
The medical examination follows the registration of the FIR. The purpose of the examination under the amended law is to
- Provide first aid to the victim,
- Psychological counselling to cope with the trauma associated with the assault,
- Recording bodily injuries and condition for evidentiary purposes.
The Guidelines and Protocols for Medico-Legal care for victims of sexual violence, provide comprehensive instructions for the medical practitioner, family and the justice system.
A rapport must be established between Health professionals dealing with the case and the victim. Further, the medical examination must also include psychological counselling to help her cope with the aftermath of the assault, including in relation to the social and cultural notions of stigma and shame, within her family or community.
The Law, Know your Rights;
- An enabling atmosphere should be created and trust be established and the victim should be informed of all available resources, referrals, legal rights.
- The first step is to obtain informed consent/refusal from the victim for every step of medical examination and provide first aid
- Absence of signs of struggle DOES NOT signify consent.
- In cases of adolescents, age also needs to be verified.
- Whether drug/alcohol was administered has to be tested.
- If the victim is female then female doctors are to be preferred. For a transgender, the choice should be given to the victim.
- Police are not allowed in the examination room, however, a relative can be present if the victim so requests.
- Medical treatment is the first priority. A special room must be made available to maintain privacy. The hospital should not insist on admission until there is a requirement of observation/treatment.
- All services to victims should be free of cost, medicines prescribed must be available in the hospital, or the victim must be compensated.
- A copy of all documentation must be provided free of cost.
- While performing a forensic examination a medical opinion has to be formed on whether a sexual act was attempted or completed, whether it was recent and any harm has been caused to the victim’s body.
- If the victim comes to the hospital on their own without filing a report, it is the duty of the doctors to inform the police and provide medical treatment.
- A per-vaginum test or the 2- finger test should NOT be carried out and the status of the hymen is irrelevant to the factum of the sexual act. (More on this in subsequent articles)
- A urine pregnancy test has to be performed and blood has to be collected for HIV status and other tests etc. The type of evidence would change depending upon: nature of sexual violence, time lapsed between the incident and the medical examination, whether the victim has bathed/washed.
- Testing should be done for sexually transmitted infections.
- Emergency contraception may also be given.
- Victims should be informed of follow-up services and all follow-ups should be documented.
- Psycho-social care must be ensured and first-line support is offered.
- If the victim reports with a pregnancy resulting from an assault she is to be given the option of abortion and protocols of MTP are to be followed.
- Stages of the examination should be explained.
- To address the victim’s emotional wellbeing crisis counselling must be encouraged. Suicidal tendencies must be assessed. Friends and family should be involved in the healing process of a victim. Reactions and the range of feelings which are common after a traumatic experience must be explained.
- Safety assessment must be done, and if the survivor is unsafe alternate arrangements to stay must be offered. If not, a safety plan must be made.
Health professionals should engage with family and friends to discuss ways of promoting a survivor’s well-being.
The medical examiner has to pack, seal and sign over the evidence to the police. One copy of all the documents has to be given to the victim. The hospital must ensure a designated staff.
Sexual assault victims should be understood as suffering from a myriad of brutal consequences that impact their civil wellbeing and they are at risk of re-victimization by the criminal justice process. Lawyers scholars, media must step forward and take up their struggle, and support them by sensitizing all relevant actors in society.
The next part will deal with the Legislative reforms, Court cases, and other stages of the trial.
(The post was first published in https://lawumbrella.wordpress.com/ )
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Himachal’s LPG Supply Hit Amid Global Tensions, Likely to Affect Hospitality Industry
Shimla—A quiet but worrying crisis is unfolding in Himachal Pradesh. Across several districts, traders, hoteliers, and restaurant owners are reporting a sharp shortage of commercial LPG cylinders, leaving many establishments with barely a few days’ supply. In a state where tourism drives the local economy, disruptions in cooking fuel supply can quickly escalate into a wider economic concern.
Local reports indicate the shortage is already affecting hospitality businesses. Traders in Shimla have warned that commercial gas stocks may last only a couple of days if fresh deliveries do not arrive soon, according to a report by Amar Ujala. Restaurant owners have echoed similar concerns in Solan and nearby tourist towns, where businesses fear that kitchens may soon struggle to operate without regular supplies, as reported by Dainik Jagran.
At first glance, the shortage appears to be a regional supply bottleneck. In reality, the problem is tied to wider disruptions in global energy markets triggered by the ongoing tensions in West Asia.
Tourism economy vulnerable to fuel disruption
Himachal Pradesh’s tourism sector relies heavily on thousands of small and medium establishments—restaurants, cafés, dhabas, and hotels. Unlike large metropolitan areas where piped natural gas networks are expanding, most commercial kitchens in the hill state still depend almost entirely on LPG cylinders.
This dependence makes the sector particularly vulnerable. Even short supply disruptions can force restaurants to reduce operations, limit menus, or temporarily shut down.
Industry bodies across India have already sounded the alarm. Restaurant operators have warned that continued supply disruptions could lead to closures across the sector. For a tourism-driven state like Himachal Pradesh, such disruptions can ripple through the wider economy.
The global trigger: instability in West Asia
The roots of the crisis lie thousands of kilometers away. The conflict involving the United States and Iran has begun affecting energy markets and shipping routes in the Gulf region.
A key concern is the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most important energy corridors through which a large share of global oil and LPG shipments pass. India’s dependence on this route is substantial. Energy analysts estimate that a majority of India’s LPG imports originate from Gulf countries and move through this narrow maritime passage, as noted in a report by The New Indian Express.
Any instability in the region immediately affects supply chains. Shipping risks rise, insurance premiums increase, and cargo movement slows. These pressures eventually filter down to domestic markets.
Recent reports have also linked rising LPG prices and supply concerns to the Middle East crisis, with consumers expressing worry about the impact of the conflict on cooking gas costs, according to ANI News.
Domestic prioritisation, commercial shortage
When supplies tighten, governments typically prioritise household consumption. Domestic LPG cylinders are considered essential for daily cooking, and maintaining their availability becomes a policy priority.
However, this often leaves commercial users facing reduced allocations. Restaurants and hotels depend almost entirely on commercial cylinders, which are distributed through a separate supply channel.
In response to the emerging supply concerns, the government has reportedly taken steps to ensure adequate domestic availability of LPG, including directing refiners to increase production and manage distribution more closely, as reported by The Economic Times.
While such measures protect households, they can intensify shortages for commercial establishments.
Geography amplifies the problem
Himachal Pradesh faces additional logistical challenges. LPG cylinders used in the state are largely transported from bottling plants located outside its borders. Moving these supplies across mountainous terrain involves long supply chains and limited transport routes.
When upstream deliveries slow down—whether at ports, refineries, or bottling plants—the impact reaches hill towns more quickly and more sharply.
At the same time, alternatives remain limited. Large-scale piped gas networks are rare in the state, and many commercial kitchens lack the electrical capacity required for high-energy cooking equipment.
A warning for energy resilience
The emerging LPG shortage in Himachal Pradesh is more than a temporary supply issue. It highlights a deeper vulnerability in India’s energy system—heavy dependence on imported fuel and fragile supply chains exposed to geopolitical shocks.
For a café owner in Shimla or a hotel operator in Manali, the geopolitics of West Asia may seem distant. Yet the current situation demonstrates how closely global energy flows are tied to local economies.
A disruption in the Persian Gulf can slow tanker shipments, delay fuel supplies at Indian ports, disrupt distribution networks—and ultimately affect the availability of cooking gas in a Himalayan kitchen.
As the situation evolves, the hope in Himachal Pradesh is that supply lines stabilise quickly. But the episode offers a clear lesson: in an interconnected world, even the quiet kitchens of the mountains are not insulated from global conflict.
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Mandi’s Monsoon Tragedy and the Cost of Ignored Warnings
Mandi|July 11, 2025 — In the lap of the Himalayas, nestled among deodar forests and flowing streams, the district of Mandi has long stood as a symbol of Himachal’s tranquil beauty. But in the monsoon of 2025, that tranquillity was shattered — not by nature alone, but by a deadly combination of climate extremes, administrative apathy, and long-ignored warnings.
This year’s monsoon came not as a nurturing rain, but as a devastating deluge. What began in late June as a forecasted spell of heavy rainfall turned into one of the deadliest natural disasters in recent memory for Himachal Pradesh. And no place bore the brunt quite like Mandi.
The Collapse of Safety
Between June 20 and July 10, the state witnessed 91 rain-related deaths, out of which 17 occurred in Mandi district alone, making it the hardest-hit region according to the State Disaster Management Authority. More than 750 homes were completely destroyed, and another 880 partially damaged, while 10 bridges, multiple roads, and entire stretches of power and water infrastructure were washed away. In just 21 days, the estimated damage statewide crossed ₹750 crore.
The primary culprits? Landslides, cloudbursts, and flash floods — many of which occurred in the dead of night, catching villagers off guard.
In Siyathi village, 67 lives were saved not by sirens or warning systems, but by a dog’s bark. A resident, Narendra, told media:
“It was midnight. We were sleeping. Suddenly the dog began barking non-stop. We ran out. Within minutes, the entire hillside collapsed and our homes were buried.”
The dog, unnamed but hailed as a hero, became a symbol of what worked in a place where institutional response did not.
A Night of Heroes in Deji Village
In nearby Deji, two college students — Ronid Pundir and Sahil Thakur — from Thunag Horticulture College became real-life saviours. When a sudden cloudburst triggered a flash flood in the dead of night, the duo ran from house to house, waking families and helping them escape. Their actions helped evacuate over 150 people.
“We didn’t think twice. We just saw the water rising and started pulling people out,” Ronid told the media.
Despite such moments of courage, the tragedy left deep scars. In many parts of Seraj, Karsog, and Sundernagar subdivisions, residents reported that local authorities failed to respond in time. Emergency shelters were ill-equipped. In remote hamlets, stranded families waited hours, sometimes days, for rescue.

A Failure of Planning, Not Just Weather
Himachal’s vulnerability to extreme weather is well known. Yet critics argue that poor land use planning, unregulated construction near rivers, and unsafe road-cutting practices have greatly magnified the disaster’s impact.
Geologists and environmentalists have warned for years that road expansion projects and large-scale deforestation in hill regions have weakened slope stability. In many places, construction has occurred dangerously close to water channels, despite repeated advisories.
This time, the warnings played out in real-time — with mud, stone, and entire homes tumbling into ravines.
Government Response: Promises and Limitations
Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu visited the worst-affected villages, including Baga, Syanj, and Panglyur, personally distributing relief materials and speaking with the victims.
“No family should feel alone. The state stands with you,” he said during a relief camp visit.
The state government announced ₹7 lakh in compensation per fully destroyed house, and temporary shelters for displaced families. In contrast, the central government’s compensation — capped at ₹1.3 lakh — has drawn criticism from state ministers and the public alike.
Revenue Minister Jagat Singh Negi remarked:
“What we’re getting from the Centre is insufficient. Our people are suffering. We need stronger, faster support.”
A Glimpse into the Future
Perhaps the most chilling aspect of this disaster is that it may be only the beginning. Scientists warn that climate change is accelerating the frequency and intensity of such events in the Himalayas. Increased temperatures are destabilizing glaciers. Erratic rainfall patterns are overwhelming natural drainage systems.
Experts now call for a complete reassessment of infrastructure policy in Himachal — including bans on construction near rivers, better slope-stabilization in road projects, and improved early warning systems for landslides and flash floods.
“What’s happening is not natural anymore,” said a climate scientist from IIT Mandi. “It’s a man-made disaster wrapped in nature’s disguise.”
Beyond Numbers: The Lives Left Behind
In the hills of Mandi, statistics cannot capture the grief. Each day, as clouds gather, a quiet anxiety grips the village once more.
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War Is Not a Spectacle, Soldiers Are Not Content, and Journalism is Not War-Mongering
Shimla– In times of conflict, journalism must rise to its noblest purpose: truth, accountability, and responsibility. And yet, as India and Pakistan faced off once again across borders—bullets flying, lives lost, families shattered—a section of the Indian media turned tragedy into theatre.
From the moment reports of cross-border attacks surfaced, several primetime news anchors transformed their studios into shrill war rooms. Not to inform, but to inflame. Graphic war music, animated explosions, ticker tapes screaming “BREAKING”—the spectacle began. As soldiers bled on the border, TV screens bled hyperbole.
The most damning criticism did not come from adversaries but from global media observers. The BBC described Indian news channels’ coverage as “jingoistic and unhinged”. Al Jazeera and The Guardian echoed similar sentiments, noting how unverified reports, doctored videos, and belligerent studio debates replaced sober reportage.
Anchors, who had never seen a trench or a frontline, banged desks demanding military action. Unconfirmed reports were aired without attribution. Words like “annihilation,” “revenge,” and “surgical strike 2.0” were thrown around with theatrical bravado. There was no time to pause for facts. There was no room for nuance. There was only TRP.
The absurdity reached its peak when a few channels aired animations of fighter jets with triumphant music. Meanwhile, real families were burying their dead – soldiers and civilians alike.
In this chaos, journalism died a quiet death.
Media as Vultures
The metaphor is tragically apt. These channels, masquerading as patriots, behaved like vultures—circling the battlefield, feeding off the dead for ratings. Their hunger wasn’t for truth, but for viewership. They amplified hatred, dismissed dissent, and turned war into primetime entertainment.
And in doing so, they embarrassed India, not just at home but before the world.
The Cost of Sensationalism
When media loses its spine, democracy loses its mirror. The consequence is not just embarrassment—it’s danger. Misinformation in wartime can escalate conflict, trigger communal unrest, and mislead policymakers. A responsible media can cool tensions. An irresponsible one can fan the flames.
We must ask: Where is the human cost of war—the widows, the orphans, the destroyed homes? Where is the perspective from peace-builders, historians, and diplomats? Journalism is not supposed to echo government talking points—it is supposed to hold power to account, especially in wartime.
What Needs to Change
The Press Council of India, the News Broadcasting & Digital Standards Authority (NBDSA), and civil society must take stronger action against media outlets that violate ethical standards. Viewers too must switch off noise in favor of news. The Indian media must remember that its loyalty is to truth—not to war, not to government, and certainly not to TRP.
War is not a spectacle. Soldiers are not content. And journalism is not war-mongering.
It is time Indian newsrooms return to their core duty: informing citizens with accuracy, dignity, and humanity.




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